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Investigating the Influence of Tranexamic Acid on Adipocyte Differentiation in an In Vitro Model
Sneha Patel, Tiffany DeSouza, Anam J. Furrukh, Alex Joo, Silvia Corvera, Janice Lalikos
UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) gained momentum in fat grafting due to its reported reduction in swelling and bruising, yet cellular dynamics instigated by TXA on fat remain nebulous. To bridge this gap, we use an in vitro model to study the impact of TXA on the differentiation trajectory of mesenchymal progenitor cells towards adipocytes.
Methods: Adipose tissue explants from panniculectomy were cultured with varied TXA concentration (Vehicle, 5µg/mL, 10µg/mL). After 14 days, Human Adipose Capillary Associated Progenitor Cells (HACAPs) were cultivated in 2D cultures, maintaining TXA concentration. HACAPs growth-rate was assessed through two expansions. Cells then underwent adipogenic differentiation for 10 days using media to induce adipogenesis (MDI) with insulin, dexamethasone, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Three states were maintained: undifferentiated, MDI-differentiated, and MDI-Forskolin, a thermogenesis-promoting activator. Effects of TXA on HACAPs' differentiation and thermogenesis were analyzed via rt-qPCR for gene expression and lipid droplet imaging.
Results: Capillary sprouting was similar in TXA treated explants and controls. Cell yields and growth rates throughout two expansions were equal in the three groups. No differences were seen in cell morphology or lipid droplet accumulation after MDI treatment. Expression profiles of adipogenic genes Adiponectin, Perilipin-1, Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 were similar after 10 days of differentiation. Upon Forskolin exposure, expression of thermogenic genes Uncoupling-Protein 1, Long noncoding RNA 473, Deiodinase-2 were similar in all groups.
Conclusion: TXA does not alter mesenchymal progenitor differentiation in fat grafting. With increased TXA use in plastic surgery, consistency in cellular response is reassuring. Further research is vital to ensure TXA efficacy and safety.
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